SELECT * FROM london_stages WHERE MATCH('(@(authnameclean,authname,perftitleclean,commentcclean,commentpclean) "John Johnson"/1) | (@(roleclean,performerclean) "John Johnson")') GROUP BY eventid ORDER BY weight() desc, eventdate asc OPTION field_weights=(perftitleclean=100, commentpclean=75, commentcclean=75, roleclean=100, performerclean=100, authnameclean=100), ranker=sph04

Result Options

Download:
JSON XML CSV

Search Filters

Event

Date Range
Start
End

Performance

?
Filter by Performance Type










Cast

?

Keyword

?
We found 11285 matches on Author, 2924 matches on Performance Comments, 1498 matches on Event Comments, 329 matches on Performance Title, and 0 matches on Roles/Actors.

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Nonjuror

Performance Comment: Dr Wolf (the Nonjuror)-Chapman; Sir John-Johnson; Col Woodvil-Cashell; Heartly-Hale; Charles-Woodward; Lady Woodvil-Mrs Horton; Maria-Mrs Pritchard.
Cast
Role: Sir John Actor: Johnson

Song: GGenius of England (composed by the late Henry Purcell)-Beard

Dance: Cooke

Event Comment: Afterpiece [1st time; C 3, author unknown. Not in Larpent MS; not published]: Taken from Amphitryon, as altered by Garrick from Plautus and Moliere [recte from John Hawkesworth's alteration of Amphitryon, by John Dryden]

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Battle Of Hexham

Afterpiece Title: The Two Socias

Performance Comment: Jupiter-Davies; Amphitryon-Williamson; Mercury-R. Palmer; Gripus-Wewitzer; Socia-King; Polidas-Johnson; Tranio-Lyons; Phaedra-Miss Palmer; Alcmena-Mrs Goodall.
Cast
Role: Polidas Actor: Johnson
Event Comment: The Duke's Company. This performance is on the L. C. list, 5@141, p. 216. See also Nicoll, Restoration Drama, p. 348. There is considerable uncertainty as to when the first performance occurred, but it appears to have been acted first at court. See Boswell, Restoration Court Stage, pp. 131-34. The first Prologue, written by Lord Mulgrove, and the second, written by Lord Rochester, are in A Collection of Poems Written upon several Occasions by several Persons (1673). Roger North: And now we turne to the Publik theatres. It had bin strange if they had not observed this promiscuous tendency to musick, and not have taken it into their scenes and profited by it. The first proffer of theirs, as I take it, was in a play of the thick-sculd-poetaster Elkanah Settle, called The Empress of Morocco; which had a sort of masque poem of Orfeus and Euridice, set by Mr M. Lock, but scandalously performed. It begins The Groans of Ghosts, &c. and may be had in print (Roger North on Music, ed. John Wilson [London, 1959], p. 306)

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Empress Of Morocco

Performance Comment: Edition of 1673: The first Prologue at Court-Lady Elizabeth Howard; The second Prologue at Court-Lady Elizabeth Howard; Prologue at the Play House-; Muly Labas-Harris; Muly Hamet-Smith; Grimalhaz-Batterton; Hametalhaz-Medbourne; Abdelcador-Crosby; Laula-Mrs Batterton; Mariamne-Mrs Mary Lee; Morena-Mrs Johnson; Epilogue-.
Cast
Role: Morena Actor: Mrs Johnson
Event Comment: Rich's Company. The date of the premiere is not known, but the fact that the play was advertised in the London Gazette, No. 3130, 7-11 Nov. 1695, suggests that it was acted not later than October 1695, although the first production may have been earlier than that. Part of the music was composed by Henry Purcell: Celia has a thousand charms, sung by Young Bowen; Take not a woman's anger ill, sung by Leveridge; and How happy is she, sung by Miss Cross; all are in Deliciae Musicae, The Third Book, 1696. See also Purcell's Works, Purcell Society, XXI (1917), x-xi. Another song, To me you made a thousand vows, set by John Blow, is in Amphion Anglicus, 1700. Dedication, Edition of 1696: I...found so much interrutpion and discouragement from some prejudic'd Gentlemen, who ought to have us'd me better, or, at least, had no reason to use me ill, that I repented I had bestow'd any time upon it....In spite of 'em, my Lord, it was kindly receiv'd, and that too, at a time when the Town was never thinner of Nobility and Gentry

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Rival Sisters Or The Violence Of Love

Performance Comment: Edition of 1696: Prologue by Mr D'Urfey-Mr Horden; Epilogue by Mr D'Urfey-Mr Verbruggen who enters laughing; Vilarezo-Dizny; Sebastian-Verbruggen; Antonio-Powel Jr; Alonzo-Williams; Vilander-Horden; Gerardo-Johnson; Diego-Tho. Kent; Catalina-Mrs Knight; Berinthia-Mrs Rogers; Alphanta-Miss Cross; Ansilva-Mrs Verbruggen; Julia-Mrs Seagrove; Clara-Mrs Newman.
Cast
Role: Gerardo Actor: Johnson
Event Comment: At the particular Desire of several Ladies of Quality. Written by Shakespear. Daily Journal, 28 Oct.: The same Night [Thursday 26] a Gentlewoman fancying she saw Smoke issue from under the Stage, as she sat in the Pit, during the Play Time,...and at the same time believing she smelt Fire, declared her Opinion so loud, and by her precipitate Endeavours to get out, gave such an Alarm all over the House, as was attended with the fatal Consequence of one Woman big with Child being press'd to Death, and several others Persons were very much bruised. [See also Daily Post, 27 Oct. A reward of #20 was offered by John Rich for the apprehension of the malicious ill designing Persons" who presumably occasioned the incident.-Daily Journal, 31 Oct.

Performances

Mainpiece Title: King Henry The Viiith

Performance Comment: King Henry-Booth; Wolsey-Cibber; Cranmer-Mills; Gardiner-Johnson; Queen Katherine-Mrs Porter.
Cast
Role: Gardiner Actor: Johnson
Event Comment: London Evening Post, 17 Nov.: Yesterday the Court of King's Bench granted a Habeas Corpus, directing the Keeper of Tothill-Fields Bridewell, to bring up the Body of John Harper, one of the Haymarket Comedians; and he is accordingly to be brought up on Monday next . . . that he may be admitted to Bail

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Busy Body

Performance Comment: As17331019, but Sir Francis-Johnson .
Cast
Role: Sir Francis Actor: Johnson

Afterpiece Title: The Opera of Operas

Dance: As17331115

Event Comment: For the Entertainment of Tomo Chachi . . . Senauki . . . John Tooanahowi. Mainpiece: Written by Shakespear

Performances

Mainpiece Title: King Henry The Eighth

Performance Comment: Henry VIII-Harper; Wolsey-Mills; Buckingham-W. Mills; Surrey-Cibber; Cranmer-Milward; Gardiner-Johnson; Sands-Miller; Norfolk-Hewitt; Suffolk-Boman; Lord Chamberlain-Corey; Campeius-Shepard; Abergavenny-Salway; Capucius-Turbutt; Cromwell-Cross; Butts-Griffin; Surveyor-Oates; Queen Katherine-Mrs Thurmond; Anna Bullen-Miss Holliday .
Cast
Role: Gardiner Actor: Johnson

Afterpiece Title: Colombine Courtezan

Dance: As17341010

Event Comment: Mainpiece: Alter'd from Beaumont and Fletcher by Sir John Vanbrugh and Mr Dryden

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Pilgrim

Performance Comment: Pedro-Milward; Alphonso-Johnson; Roderigo-Quin; Curio-Cross; Seberto-Ridout; Pilgrim-Woodburn; Jacques-Turbutt; Lopez-Shepard; Mad Englishman-Winstone; Mad Scholar-Havard; Mad Priest-Raftor; Mad Taylor-Woodward; Mad Welchman-Macklin; Master of sadhouse-Furnival; Keeper-Marshall; Alinda-Mrs Mills; Juletta-Mrs Pritchard; In which will be introduced the Original Mad Dialogue set to Musick by Mr H. Purcell-Beard, Mrs Clive.
Cast
Role: Alphonso Actor: Johnson
Related Works
Related Work: The Pilgrim Author(s): John Fletcher

Afterpiece Title: Colombine Courtezan

Dance: II: Flanderkins-Master Ferg, Miss Wright; III: Drunken Peasant-Philips; IV: Grand Dance-Mlle Roland

Event Comment: Mainpiece: Alter'd from Beaumont and Fletcher by Sir John Vanbrugh and Mr Dryden

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Pilgrim

Performance Comment: Pedro-Milward; Roderigo-Quin; Alphonso-Johnson; Alinda-Mrs Mills; Juletta-Mrs Pritchard; Mad Scholar-Havard; Mad Englishman-Winstone; Mad Welshman-Reed; Mad Taylor-Woodward; Mad Priest-Raftor; Old Pilgrim-Woodburn; Drunken Servant-Ray; Stuttering Servant-Yates; Lopez-Shepard; Jacques-Turbutt; Curio-Cashell; Seberto-Ridout; Master of Madhouse-Taswell; Keeper-Marshall.
Cast
Role: Alphonso Actor: Johnson
Related Works
Related Work: The Pilgrim Author(s): John Fletcher

Afterpiece Title: Robin Goodfellow

Dance: I: Drunken Peasant-Master Ferg; II: L'Allamande-Mlle Chateauneuf

Event Comment: Benefit a Gentleman who has wrote for the Stage. [Professor John B. Shipley of the University of Colorado has called to my attention a letter written by James Ralph to Thomas Birch, dated 14 February 1741, in which he states that this benefit is to be for Ralph. See B.M. Add. MSS. 4317, fol. 94.

Performances

Mainpiece Title: Julius Caesar

Performance Comment: As17401219, but Octavius-Havard; Caska-Winstone; Trebonius-_; Citizens-Johnson, Macklin, Chapman, Vaughan, Marten, Hough.

Afterpiece Title: The King and the Miller of Mansfield

Dance: LLa Tambourine-Mlle Chateauneuf; Shepherds and Shepherdesses-Muilment, Mlle Chateauneuf

Event Comment: By Particular Desire. Benefit for Cibber. Boxes 5s. Pit 3s. Gallery 2s. Upper Gallery 1s. To begin at 6:30 p.m. To prevent any interruption in the Performance, there will be no Building on the Stage. Afterpiece: The Dramatick Piece of Two Acts...is taken from the inimitable comic Scenes of Shakespeare, which contain the Humours of Antient Pistol, Justice Shallow, Sir John Falstaff, Justice Silence, the Hostess Doll Tearsheet, and the Recruits, etc. (Daily Advertiser). On Tuesday the 2d of July Mr The: Cibber had a play at Drury Lane, ye Busy Body, & farce from ye 2d pt of Henry 4th. & had 140 pounds in Money & 66 in Tickss (Cross)

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Busy Body

Afterpiece Title: The Humourists

Performance Comment: Pistol-Cibber; Shallow-Shuter; Falstaff-Phillips; Silence-Stoppelaer; Bardolph-Clough; Mouldy-W. Vaughan; Feeble-Blakey; Shadow-Slim; Prince-Cross; Poins-Young Cross; Davy-H. Vaughan; Wart-Johnson; Dame Quickly-Mrs Cross; Doll Tearsheet-Miss Bradshaw; After which (by Desire) The Drunken Peasant-Phillips (his first Appearance on that Stage these Ten Years); Epilogue-Nobody.
Cast
Role: Wart Actor: Johnson

Dance: Devisse, Mme Lussant

Event Comment: Mainpiece [1st time; c 5, by Hannah Cowley. Prologue by Henry Bate (European Magazine, Mar. 1782, p. 210, which also gives name of speaker)]. 2nd piece [1st time; prel I, by Henry Bate (later Sir Henry Bate Dudley). Epilogue by John O'Keeffe (O'Keeffe, 11, 301)]: With New Dresses, Scenery, &c. Public Advertiser, 19 Feb. 1782: This Day is published The Dramatic Puffers (6d.). Receipts: #222 9s. 6d. (219/4/6; 3/5/0)

Performances

Mainpiece Title: Which Is The Man

Performance Comment: Principal Characters by Henderson, Lewis, Wroughton, Quick, Robson, Jones, W. Bates, Lee Lewes; Mrs Mattocks, Mrs Morton, Mrs Wilson, Miss Satchell, Miss Platt, Mrs Davenett, Miss Younge. [Cast from text (C. Dilly, 1782): Fitzherbert-Henderson; Beauchamp-Lewis; Belville-Wroughton; Pendragon-Quick; Visitors-Robson, Jones, W. Bates; Lord Sparkle-Lee Lewes; Sophy Pendragon-Mrs Mattocks; Clarinda-Mrs Morton; Kitty-Mrs Wilson; Julia-Miss Satchell; Mrs Johnson-Miss Platt; Tiffany-Mrs Davenett; Lady Bell Bloomer-Miss Younge; Ladies-Miss Stuart, Mrs Poussin, &c. The designation "Visitors" is taken from a MS annotation on the BM playbill (CG, Vol. III). Prologue, not listed on playbill, spoken by Lee Lewes; it was presumably, spoken at all subsequent performances.] hathi. it was presumably, spoken at all subsequent performances.] hathi.
Cast
Role: Mrs Johnson Actor: Miss Platt
Related Works
Related Work: Lingo’s Opinions on Men and Manners (A Comical, Whimsical, Operatical, Farcical Rhapsody) Author(s): John Edwin

Afterpiece Title: The Dramatic Puffers

Afterpiece Title: The Golden Pippin

Event Comment: Mainpiece [1st time; D 5, by Elizabeth Inchbald, based on Das Schreibepult; oder, Die Gefahren der Jugend, by August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue. Prologue by Charles Moore (MS annotation by J. P. Kemble in Kemble-Devonshire copy in Huntington Library); Epilogue by John Taylor (see text)]: With New Dresses and Scenes. Morning Chronicle, 17 Dec. 1799: This day is published The Wise Man of the East (price not listed). Receipts: #323 14s. 6d. (321.12.6; 2.2.0)

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Wise Man Of The East

Performance Comment: Principal Characters by Lewis, Munden, Knight, H. Johnston, Murray, Davenport, Waddy, Thompson, Claremont, Simmons, Atkins, Abbot, Klanert, Curties, Mrs H. Johnston, Miss Murray, Mrs Davenport, Mrs Johnston, Mrs Whitmore, Mrs Mattocks, [Cast from text (G. G. and J. Robinson, 1799): Claransforth-Lewis; Ava Thoanoa-Munden; Timothy Starch-Knight; Ensign Metland-Murray; Bankwell-Davenport; Lawley-Waddy; Sir Richard Chances-Claremont; Quaker Servant-Simmons; Servant to Ava-Abbot; Waitby-Klanert; Servant to Lady Mary-Curties; Ruth Starch-Mrs H. Johnston; Ellen Metland-Miss Murray; Lady Mary Diamond-Mrs Davenport; Mrs Metland-Mrs Johnson; Rachel Starch-Mrs Mattocks; unassigned-Thompson, Atkins, Mrs Whitmore; Prologue-H. Johnston; Epilogue-Mrs H. Johnston. [These were spoken, as here assigned, at the 1st 11 performances only (see17991228).]These were spoken, as here assigned, at the 1st 11 performances only (see17991228).]

Afterpiece Title: The Spoild Child

Cast
Role: John Actor: Abbot
Event Comment: Written by the famous Ben. Johnson

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Silent Woman

Performance Comment: Morose-Betterton; Dauphine-Booth; Clerimont-Mills; Truewit-Wilks; Sir John-Cibber; Sir Amorous-Bullock; Otter-Fairbank; Cutbeard-Norris; Silent Woman-Mrs Oldfield.
Cast
Role: Sir John Actor: Cibber
Event Comment: The Sixth Day...at the Desire of several Ladies of Quality. Daily Advertiser, 2 Oct.: Last Saturday Night the reviv'd Play of Romeo and Juliet...was acted...to a numerous and polite Audience, with Great Applause. There was an extraordinary fine appearance of Ladies in the Boxes; and every one allow'd Miss Jenny Cibber (who has given Proofs of an uncommon Genius) was greatly inprov'd in the character of Juliet. The Quality and Gentry were all safely guarded to the chairs and Coaches by the Lads of St. James's Market. [Hill was the stage name for Johnson.

Performances

Mainpiece Title: Romeo And Juliet

Performance Comment: As17440911, but Fescalus-Charles; Capulet-Paget; Montague-Furnival; Mercutio-Barnard; Paris-Mozeen; Benvolio-Holtom; Tybalt-Naylor; Friar John-Michael; Alguazile-Wright; Apothecary-Richards; Balthazar-Mrs Clark; Page-Miss Charke; Friar Laurence-Hill; Lady Capulet-Mrs George; Nurse-Mrs Hill.
Cast
Role: Friar John Actor: Michael

Afterpiece Title: The Mock Doctor

Event Comment: Benefit Woodward. Mainpiece: Written by Ben Johnson. Never acted there before

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Silent Woman

Performance Comment: Sir John Daw-Cibber; Morose-Bridgwater; Truewit-Hale; Dauphin-Cashell; Clerimont-Ridout; Capt Otter-Marten; Cutbeard-James; Silent Woman-Mrs Pritchard; Lady Haughty-Mrs Hale; Mrs Centaure-Mrs Bland; Mrs Doll-Miss Hippisley; Mrs Otter-Mrs James; Sir Amorous La Fool-Woodward.
Cast
Role: Sir John Daw Actor: Cibber

Afterpiece Title: The Rape of Proserpine

Event Comment: Mainpiece: Not acted these 15 years. Written by Ben Johnson. The characters New Dress'd after the Manner of the Times. Receipts: #14O (Cross)

Performances

Mainpiece Title: Epicaene Or The Silent Woman

Performance Comment: Truewit-Palmer; Morose-Yates; Sir Amorous la Foole-Shuter; Sir John Daw-Woodward; Otter-Berry; Cutbeard-Davies; Dauphine-Havard; Clerimont-Scrase; Silent Woman-Mrs Pritchard; Mrs Otter-Mrs Cross; Lady Haughty-Mrs Clive; Lady Centaure-Mrs Bennett; Mrs Mavis-Mrs Price.
Cast
Role: Sir John Daw Actor: Woodward

Dance: Devisse, Mlle Auretti, Ferrere, Piettro, Miss Rayner

Event Comment: Paid Ben Johnson's Head a bill #4 14s. 1d.; Frederick for Rose colour and blew sattin, 120 yds. #42 17s. 6d. (Treasurer's Book). Receipts: #228 9s. 6d. (Treasurer's Book)

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Clandestine Marriage

Performance Comment: Lord Ogleby-King [1st time since his accident, 17 May 1766]; Sir John Melvil-Holland; Sterling-Yates; Lovewell-Powell; Canton-Baddeley; Brush-Palmer; Serj. Flower-Love; Traverse-Hurst; Trueman-Aickin; Miss Sterling-Miss Pope; Fanny-Mrs Palmer; Betty-Mrs Abington; Chambermaid-Miss Plym; Mrs Heidelbery-Mrs Clive; New Epilogue-Miss Pope. [See17661017] .See17661017] .
Cast
Role: Sir John Melvil Actor: Holland

Afterpiece Title: The Hermit

Related Works
Related Work: The London Hermit; or, Rambles in Doresetshire Author(s): John O'Keeffe
Event Comment: BB. Johnson's Head bill #3 9s. 11d. Rec'd Mr Heath's rent one year to Xmas last #10 (Treasurer's Book). Receipts: #224 11s. (Treasurer's Book)

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Provoked Husband

Performance Comment: Lord Townly-Powell; Count Basset-King; Manly-Packer; Sir Francis-Yates; John Moody-Burton; Squire Richard-Mas. Burton; Lady Wronghead-Mrs Hopkins; Mrs Motherly-Mrs Cross; Trusty-Mrs Bennet; Myrtilla-Mrs Lee; Lady Grace-Mrs W. Barry, 1st time; Miss Jenny-Miss Pope; Lady Townly-Mrs Yates.
Cast
Role: John Moody Actor: Burton

Afterpiece Title: Queen Mab

Cast
Role: Cook Actor: Johnston
Event Comment: The Farce altered form Ben Johnson, by the author of The Tobacconist. By Authority for one Night only. Benefit Vandermere. Tickets delivered by Fearon, Collett, Mrs Granger, Dancer, Mrs Didier will be admitted. [Hissed (Whitehall Evening Post).

Performances

Mainpiece Title: Love In A Village

Afterpiece Title: The Coxcombs

Performance Comment: Sir Ambrose Lafoole-Vandermere; Sir John Daw-Dancer; Mrs Frill-Mrs Didier; other parts-Didier, Gentleman, Fearon; Prologue-F. Gentleman (Whitehall Evening Post).
Cast
Role: Sir John Daw Actor: Dancer
Related Works
Related Work: A Cure for a Coxcomb; or, The Beau Bedevil'd Author(s): John Collin
Related Work: Sir Salomon; or, The Cautious Coxcomb Author(s): John Caryll
Related Work: The Coxcomb Author(s): John Fletcher

Dance: I: Statue Dance-; End Opera: Dance-the Characters; End Dance: Hornpipe-Lepper

Event Comment: Mainpiece [1st time; CO 3, by William Kenrick, based on The Country Lasses, by Charles Johnson]: With new Scenery, Dresses and Decorations. The Overture and the rest of the Music composed by Hook. Books of the Songs to be had at the Theatre. Public Advertiser, 2 Dec. 1778: This Day at Noon is published The Lady of the Manor (1s. 6d.)

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Lady Of The Manor

Performance Comment: Characters by Mattocks, Quick, Wilson, Doyle, Egan, Vernon, Miss Brown, Mrs Farrell, Mrs Mattocks. [Cast from text (E. and C. Dilly [et al.], 1778): Sir John Manly-Mattocks; Sir Wilful Wildman-Quick; Farmer Sternold-Wilson; Clodden-Doyle; Young Wildman-Vernon; Mrs Townly-Miss Brown; Cicely-Mrs Farrell; Lady Lucy-Mrs Mattocks; Egan. Egan.
Cast
Role: Sir John Manly Actor: Mattocks

Afterpiece Title: The Apprentice

Dance: End II: As17780925; I: a Rural Dance[, incident to the Piece,-Dagueville [This was danced, as here assigned, in all subsequent performances.]

Event Comment: ["The Lord Ogleby of (The Clandestine Marriage) raised Mr King to the summit of comic excellence, which his more recent great character, Sir Peter Teazle in The School for Scandal, has established him in the unrivalled possession of" (Johnson, ed. Waldron, 169).] Receipts: #245 (211.9; 33.6; 0.5)

Performances

Mainpiece Title: The Clandestine Marriage

Performance Comment: Lord Ogleby-King (1st appearance on that stage these 3 years); Sir John Melvil-Whitfield; Sterling-Parsons; Lovewell-Barrymore; Canton-Baddeley; Brush-Palmer; Serjeant Flower-Packer; Traverse-Phillimore; Trueman-Benson; Mrs Heidelberg-Mrs Hopkins; Miss Sterling-Miss Pope; Fanny-Mrs Kemble; Betty-Miss Tidswell; Chambermaid-Mrs Williames; Trusty-Mrs Booth.
Cast
Role: Sir John Melvil Actor: Whitfield

Afterpiece Title: The Romp

Event Comment: Benefit Johnson. At the Desire of several Persons of Quality. Written by the Famous Ben. Johnson. [First announced for 19 May-see a playbill in the British Museum (Press Mark 11795 g 19)--it was deferred by the "extream hot Weather."

Performances

Mainpiece Title: Volpone

Performance Comment: Corbaccio-Johnson.
Cast
Role: Corbaccio Actor: Johnson.
Event Comment: Benefit Johnson. Written by the famous Ben Johnson

Performances

Mainpiece Title: Volpone Or The Fox

Performance Comment: Volpone-Powell; Mosca-Wilks; Corvino-Mills; Bonario-Booth; Corbaccio-Johnson; Voltore-Keene; Sir Politick-Norris; Caelia-Mrs Rogers; Lady Wou'dbe-Mrs Kent.
Cast
Role: Corbaccio Actor: Johnson
Event Comment: Benefit Johnson. At the Desire of several Persons of Quality. Written by the Famous Ben. Johnson

Performances

Mainpiece Title: Volpone Or The Fox

Performance Comment: Fox-Powell; Mosca-Wilks; Corbaccio-Johnson.
Cast
Role: Corbaccio Actor: Johnson.

Dance: Dances Proper to the play-Prince, Mrs Bicknell, others